Kolhapur is one of the most significant cities in South Maharashtra and has been a hub of historical,
religious, and cultural activities for centuries. It is famous for its unique food culture, including its
signature Kolhapuri cuisine. The city is situated in the western part of Maharashtra and is often
referred to as "Dakshin Kashi" or "Mahateerth". It boasts a rich history, which has given it various
other names, including Kollagiri, Kolladigiripattan and Kollpur, all meaning "valley" Around 2
CE Kolhapur's name was 'Kuntal'. Around 1055 CE, during the reign of Bhoja I (Shilahara dynasty), a dynamic Acharya (spiritual
guide) named Maghanandi (Kolapuriya) founded a religious institute at the Rupanarayana Jain
temple (basadi). Maghanandi is also known as Siddhanta-Chakravarti, meaning the great master
of the scriptures. Kings and nobles of the Shilahara dynasty such as Gandaraditya I, who succeeded
Bhoja I, were disciples of Maghanandi.
Kolhapur was the site of intense confrontation between the Western Chalukya Empire and
Rajadhiraja Chola and his younger brother Rajendra Chola II of the Chola empire. In 1052 CE,
following the Battle of Koppam, the victor, Rajendra Chola II, marched on to Kolhapur and erected
a jayastambha (victory pillar).[14]
Between 1109 and 1178 CE, the Kopeshwar temple to Lord Shiva was built by Shilahara kings,
Gandaraditya I, Vijayaditya, and Bhoja II in Khidrapur, Kolhapur.
Kolhapur State
Chhatrapati Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj, Maharajah of Kolhapur
Main article: Kolhapur State
The state of Kolhapur was established by Tarabai in 1707 in the midst of a succession dispute over
the Maratha crown. The Maratha throne was then occupied by descendants of Tarabai. One of the
prominent Kings was Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj. In his reign, he promoted free education to people
of all castes, religions and fought against untouchability. The state was annexed by the British in
the 19th century. After India's independence in 1947, the Maharaja of Kolhapur acceded to the
Dominion of India on 14 August 1947 and merged with Bombay State on 1 March 1949. Kolhapur
is sometimes found spelled as Colapore.
[16] Often, Kolhapur is also referred as Dakshin Kashi or
the Kashi of the South, due to its rich religious history.
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